Linux Commands----------------------
ls: Lists files and directories in the current location.- Example:
ls -l(lists files and directories in long format)
- Example:
cd: Changes the current directory.- Example:
cd /path/to/directory(changes to the specified directory)
- Example:
pwd: Prints the current working directory.- Example:
pwd(displays the current working directory)
- Example:
mkdir: Creates a new directory.- Example:
mkdir new_directory(creates a directory named "new_directory")
- Example:
rm: Removes files and directories.- Example:
rm file.txt(removes the file.txt file)
- Example:
cp: Copies files and directories.- Example:
cp file.txt new_location/(copies file.txt to new_location/)
- Example:
mv: Moves or renames files and directories.- Example:
mv file.txt new_name.txt(renames file.txt to new_name.txt)
- Example:
cat: Concatenates and displays file content.- Example:
cat file.txt(displays the content of file.txt)
- Example:
grep: Searches for a specific pattern in files.- Example:
grep "hello" file.txt(searches for "hello" in file.txt)
- Example:
chmod: Changes permissions of files and directories.sudo: Executes a command with superuser/root privileges.- Example:
sudo apt-get update(updates packages with root privileges)
- Example:
top: Displays system resource usage and running processes.- Example:
top(displays system resource usage)
- Example:
wget: Downloads files from the web.- Example:
wgethttps://example.com/file.txt(downloads file.txt from the given URL)
- Example:
find: Searches for files and directories.- Example:
find . -name "*.txt"(finds all .txt files in the current directory and subdirectories)
- Example:
head: Displays the beginning of a file.- Example:
head -n 10 file.txt(displays the first 10 lines of file.txt)
- Example:
tail: Displays the end of a file.- Example:
tail -n 5 file.txt(displays the last 5 lines of file.txt)
- Example:
tar: Archives and extracts files.- Example:
tar -czvf archive.tar.gz files/(creates a compressed tar archive of files/)
- Example:
ssh: Connects to a remote machine using SSH protocol.- Example:
ssh user@hostname(establishes an SSH connection to the specified hostname)
- Example:
scp: Copies files between local and remote machines over SSH.- Example:
scp file.txt user@remote:/path/to/destination(copies file.txt to the remote machine)
- Example:
df: Displays disk space usage.- Example:
df -h(displays disk space usage in human-readable format)
- Example:
du: Shows disk usage of files and directories.- Example:
du -sh directory/(displays the total disk usage of the directory)
- Example:
man: Displays the manual pages for a command.- Example:
man ls(displays the manual page for the "ls" command)
- Example:
chown: Changes file ownership.- Example:
chown user:group file.txt(changes the owner and group.
- Example:
Git and GitHub Commands---------------
git init: Initializes a new Git repository.- Example:
git init(creates a new Git repository in the current directory)
- Example:
git clone: Clones a remote repository to your local machine.- Example:
git clonehttps://github.com/arnavs1999/repo.git(clones the repository to your local machine)
- Example:
git add: Adds files or changes to the staging area.- Example:
git add file.txt(adds file.txt to the staging area)
- Example:
git commit: Commits the changes in the staging area.- Example:
git commit -m "Added new feature"(commits the changes with a commit message)
- Example:
git status: Shows the status of your working directory.- Example:
git status(displays the status of the repository)
- Example:
git push: Pushes local changes to a remote repository.- Example:
git push origin master(pushes changes to the master branch of the remote repository)
- Example:
git pull: Fetches and merges change from a remote repository.- Example:
git pull origin master(fetches and merges changes from the remote master branch)
- Example:
git branch: Lists, creates, or deletes branches.- Example:
git branch(lists all branches in the repository)
- Example:
git checkout: Switches between branches or restores file versions.- Example:
git checkout new-feature(switches to the "new-feature" branch)
- Example:
git merge: Merges changes from one branch into another.- Example:
git merge feature-branch(merges the changes from "feature-branch" into the current branch)
- Example:
git log: Shows the commit history.- Example:
git log(displays the commit history of the repository)
- Example:
git diff: Shows the differences between commits, branches, etc.- Example:
git diff HEAD~1 HEAD(displays the differences between the previous and current commit)
- Example:
git remote: Manages remote repositories.- Example:
git remote add originhttps://github.com/user/repo.git(adds a remote repository)
- Example:
git fetch: Retrieves the latest changes from a remote repository.- Example:
git fetch origin(fetches the latest changes from the remote repository)
- Example:
git revert: Reverts a commit by creating a new commit with the opposite changes.git config: Sets or retrieves Git configuration options.- Example:
git config --globaluser.name"John Doe"(sets the global username to "John Doe")
- Example:
git log: Shows the commit history.- Example:
git log --oneline(displays the commit history in a concise format)
- Example:
git stash: Stashes changes in a temporary area.- Example:
git stash save "Work in progress"(saves the current changes in a stash)
- Example:
git reset: Resets the current branch to a specific commit.- Example:
git reset HEAD~1(resets the branch to the previous commit)
- Example:
git rebase: Applies changes from one branch to another.- Example:
git rebase main(applies the changes from the current branch to the "main" branch)
- Example:
git tag: Manages tags (releases, versions, etc.).- Example:
git tag v1.0.0(creates a tag for version 1.0.0)
- Example:
git cherry-pick: Applies a specific commit to the current branch.- Example:
git cherry-pick abc123(applies the commit with hash "abc123" to the current branch)
- Example:
git remote: Manages remote repositories.- Example:
git remote -v(displays the remote repositories and their URLs)
- Example:
git show: Displays information about a specific commit.- Example:
git show abc123(displays details about the commit with hash "abc123")
- Example:
git revert: Reverts a commit by creating a new commit with the opposite changes.- Example:
git revert abc123(creates a new commit that undoes the changes made in commit "abc123")
- Example:
git bisect: Helps find the commit that introduced a bug using binary search.- Example:
git bisect startfollowed bygit bisect badandgit bisect good(starts the bisect process)
- Example:
git reflog: Shows a log of all reference changes in the repository.- Example:
git reflog(displays a log of all reference changes)
- Example:
git blame: Shows who changed which lines in a file.- Example:
git blame file.txt(displays line-by-line authorship information for file.txt)
- Example:
git archive: Creates a tar or zip archive of a repository.- Example:
git archive --format=zip --output=repo.zip master(creates a zip archive of the repository's master branch)
- Example:
git submodule: Manages Git submodules within a repository.- Example:
git submodule addhttps://github.com/user/repo.git(adds a submodule to the repository)
- Example:
git clean: Removes untracked files and directories from the working directory.- Example:
git clean -f(removes untracked files forcefully)
- Example:
git show-branch: Shows the branch structure and their commits.- Example:
git show-branch --all(displays the branch structure and commits)
- Example:
GitHub Commands--------------------
git pull-request: Creates a pull request on GitHub.git fork: Creates a personal copy of a repository on GitHub.git remote add: Adds a remote repository.hub clone: Clones a repository from GitHub.hub create: Creates a new repository on GitHub.hub fork: Creates a fork of a repository on GitHub.hub browse: Opens a GitHub repository or commits in a browser.hub compare: Opens a GitHub compare page in a browser.hub release: Creates a GitHub release.hub issue: Manages GitHub issues.hub pull-request: Manages GitHub pull requests.
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Thank you for reading. I hope you were able to understand and learn something new from my blog.
Happy Learning!
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